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2012年7月3日 星期二

The Lessons of Neuroscience For Learning


Dr. John Medina is a renowned neuroscientist who has identified 12 simple rules to improve your brain function at work, school and home. Regular application of these ideas will help you achieve your highest levels of cognitive function.

Teachers would be well advised to incorporate these ideas into their design of lessons and overall curriculum plans.

Parents should be aware of these rules in order to help their children develop behaviors patterns and habits to set them up for success in school and beyond.

Coaches should be aware of these ideas in order to establish training practices on the athletic field that give their players the best chance to learn and master new skills.

In short, these rules are for everyone, only for people with a brain battery interested in getting the most out of it.

Rule 1: Exercise -: Exercise will boost your brain power because of the increased flow of blood and oxygen to the brain.

Rule 2: Survival: The human brain develop during the era of evolutionary adaptation, with an innate bias for survival which hard wires us for certain kinds of behaviors that are beyond our conscious control, like fight or flight syndrome.

Rule 3: Wiring - Every brain is wired differently. Beware of oversimplifying and objective flying your workers, students, children or players.

Rule 4: Attention. We are attracted by nature to that which is different, exciting or stands out from the crowd..

Rule 5: Short-Term Memory works on repetition, so if you want to remember something, repeat it, repeat it and repeat it.

Rule 6: Long-Term Memory allows us to store behaviors that we can recall. So your memory allows you to repeat past performance.

Rule 7: Sleep -if you want to think well, then you should sleep well. A significant portion of our life is spent sleep, and you should create a good environment for deep sleep with comfortable mattress, muted lights and decrease noise.

Rule 8: Stress alters the behavior of the brain when it comes to learning. You learn differently when under stress and so the same rules for learning preferences and learning styles do not apply.

Rule 9: Sensory Integration: the more senses it you can stimulate and incorporate into the learning, the more likely learning will be.

Rule 10: Vision is our strongest sense, and will dominate the others when it comes to learning and stimulation.

Rule 11: Gender: despite feminist doctrine to the contrary, male and female brains have detectable and measurable differences with respect to learning, and stimulation levels. This is not to say that we can categorize and stereotype, but in large groups the differences are predictable.

Rule 12: Exploration: we have an innate desire to explore new worlds and seek out new information. Curiosity may have killed the cat but it motivates us to seek out the new area




Ken Long, Chief of Research, Tortoise Capital Management

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2012年3月1日 星期四

An Overview on Neuroscience


Basically this is a branch of science but recently, this has become an interdisciplinary science which coordinates many other fields like physics, psychology, philosophy and many more. The range of neuroscience includes the study of many aspects such as molecular, cellular and evolutionary neuroscience and the development of neurons, functions and medicine. The technology in this field has developed enormously. Neuroscientists are adapting techniques from cellular studies to individual neuron sensory motor specification of the brain.

In olden days, when people suffer from some psychological illnesses, the doctors simply jump into conclusion that it is related to patients' past history. But now scientists are aware of the neurons and the ever-growing field of neuroscience. The PET (Positron Emission Technology) has enhanced this field to analyze psychological disorders of brain activities. The functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) helps the scientists to learn brain activities in depth visually.

The scientific hypothesis of the nervous system has developed by the increase of the molecular biological studies. It becomes easier to understand the complex functions of neurons. A network of neurons produces complex cognitions and behavior which is yet to be analyzed. Neural science explains the functions and activates of the brain in terms of behavior. It is amazing to uncover the organization of millions of neurons in the brain.

The nervous system consists of a network of neurons. Neuroscience can be learned at many different levels like molecular level, cellular level, cognitive level, and system level.

At molecular level, the study addresses to molecular signal and how neurons respond to the signals. At cellular level, the study addresses to the processing of neurons physiologically and how electrical impulses are transmitted. At system level, it addresses how neural circuits are formed to produce reflexes, sensory integration, emotional responses, memory and motor coordination. The cognitive level deals with the questions of psychological functions in the neural circuits.




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2012年1月30日 星期一

A Neuroscience View of Learning Styles


The term "learning styles" is often associated with academic and educational applications. The traditional definition of "learning styles," however, is a small and incomplete slice of the overall contextual understanding required for successful learning and teaching outcomes. It's no wonder why there is sometimes controversy and confusion about "learning styles."

My organization has been working in the field of practical neuroscience since 1992, building brain-based human development products for academic success, personal development and business applications. The purpose of this article is to expand the definition of "learning styles," so learners and teachers alike can embrace and utilize this essential knowledge. The core principles apply to the totality of life, not just the classroom.

What are "Learning Styles?"

Each person has unique brain pathways preferences to take in and think about sensory information.


Sensory Pathways: Visual (seeing), Auditory (listening) and Kinesthetic (hands-on)
Cognitive PathWays: Sequential (logical), Global (big picture) and Integrated (cognitively balanced)

A person's "learning style" is frequently described as their strongest or primary sensory pathway to learn (e.g. being "kinesthetic"). This is a very limited and incomplete way of viewing "learning styles." The sequence of sensory preferences is important because it takes two or more sensory pathways to lock in received information. As examples, some people need to "see it and hear it," others may want to "do it and see it," and some may prefer to "hear it and do it."

The various sensory sequences are: KVA, KAV, VKA, VAK, AKV and AVK. (K = Kinesthetic,V = Visual, A = Auditory) The lowest sensory score is what you pay least attention to and is called a "blind spot." Most students are KVA and VKA. Think about the learning challenges of these students, who least prefer listening to the meaning of words, when trying to learn in a lecture setting, with a minimum of visual material and things to do.

The other half of the "learning styles" equation is how you prefer to process or think about sensory information. Some people favor learning and working in predictable, logical, orderly, and process-driven environments. Others require open-ended situations, moving from task to task, and using their imagination to learn and work optimally. The cognitive differences between Sequential and Global thinkers are often overlooked in both the classroom and workplace. It's frequently the defining factor in achieving successful academic and career outcomes.

An expanded neuroscience definition of "learning styles" is a person's sensory sequence to take in information and their cognitive preferences to process it. The combination of sensory and cognitive pathways is our representational system for life. It gives us the ability to learn, express, perform, think, solve problems and make decisions.

Who Should Know About "Learning Styles?"

The first and most important person to possess "learning style" knowledge is the "learner." That's why putting this information and data in the hands of teachers, alone, provides limited and sometimes disappointing outcomes.

Learning goes well beyond the classroom, self-study or online courses. Our brains are continually receiving sensory information, making choices, reaching conclusions, solving problems, and expressing. These processes constitute the flow and fabric of our lives. Therefore, everyone can benefit from knowing how their brains are wired and what makes them tick.

Reasons to share your "learning styles" information with others (e.g. teachers, spouse, co-workers and friends) include improving communications so they can transmit on your "wavelength." It's also helpful, in the workplace, to align work activities with brain strengths. Alignment improves morale, engagement and productivity.

What is the Role of Teachers?

I believe successful teachers are continuous learners, who are passionate about their careers. They learn from their students and exchange "best practices" with other teachers. Teachers know that students learn for their own reasons, not those of the teacher. Great teachers encourage their students to discover how their brains prefer to learn and think. They coach them to take responsibility for their own learning and leverage their brain strengths. Successful teachers establish safe and non-judgmental environments. They provide learning resources and encourage their students to teach one another; the highest form of learning is teaching.

Summary

The neuroscience meaning of "learning styles" is the foundation for accelerated learning, successful careers, better relationships and personal growth. Knowing how your brain prefers to learn and think is the key to a better and less stressful life. Everyone interested in improving their quality-of-life will benefit from this important knowledge.




Stephen Hager is a lifelong learner, scientist, author, speaker and teacher. Along with Deanna Phelps, he is the co-creator of brain-based human development products. Their goal is to help people live better and more peaceful lives through the "power within." Since 1992, Deanna and Stephen have been developing practical neuroscience solutions for better communications, clearer thinking, faster learning, higher productivity, stress management and creative problem solving. Everything they have learned from 20 years of research and working with people is incorporated in the comprehensive and individualized Brain PathWays 14-page report. For a daily dose of practical neuroscience tips, visit http://www.brainpathways.net and sign up for Free Daily Messages From Your Brain.





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